AGRICULTURE AND AGRONOMY

 AGRICULTURE AND AGRONOMY


The term agriculure is derived from the Latin words 'ager' or 'agri' meaning soil and 'cultura meaning 'cultivation'. Agriculture is a very broad term encompassing all aspects of crop production, livestock farming, fisheries, forestry etc. Agronomy is a branch of agriculural science which deals with principles and practices of soil, water and erop management. 

This term is derived from Greek words agros meaning field' and nomos meaning 'to manage. In recent times, agronomy has assumed newer dimensions and can be defined as a branch of agricultural sCience that deals with methods which provide favourable environment to the crop for higher productivity.

Environment is defined as the aggregate of all the external conditions and influences affecting the life and development of an organism. Norman (1980) has defined agronomy as the science of manipulating the crop environment compleX With dual aims of improVing agticultural productiVity and gaining a degree of understanding of the process involved.


The environment of crop constitutes both soil and aerial, as part of the plant is inside the soil and the other part is exposed to the aerial atmosphere. Environment influences growth and development of crops. Soil environnment is amenable for manipulation or modification through llage, imgation, fertilizer application etc. 

The soil physical environment comprises of soil air, soil water and soil temperature. Soil solution p, clectrical conductivity, nutrient concentration Constitute the soil chemical environment. The soil biological environment constitutes the living organisms present in the soil and the resultant reactions like mineralisation, immobilisation etc.

The soil management part of agronomy deals with the manipulation of soil environment for better Crop growth.


Aerial environment includes solar radiation, rainfal, temperature, relative humidity and Wind velocity. CropP production is basically conversion of environmental inputs like solar energy carbon dioxide, water and soil nutrients into economic products in the form of human or animal food or industrial raw materials. The aerial environment cannot be altered easily. 



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